Research Article

Soil Health, Our Health: Effect of Paint Effluent Contaminated Soil on the Heavy Metal Content

Igwe, C.A1, Nwachukwu O. I.2*
1 Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
2 Department of Soil Science and Meteorology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia
* Corresponding author: nwachukwuyinka@gmail.com
Published: Aug, 2016
DOI: 10.67042/njss.2016.p2yxalit
Pages: 68-77
Views: 510
Downloads: 566

Abstract

A study was conducted at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike to evaluate the growth and tissue metal content of Abelmoschus esculentus in soil which had been subjected to long term dumping of paint factory waste. Agronomic parameters stem girth, leaf length and plant height of Okra plant were measured at two week intervals, and after 12 weeks of growth, the soil, roots, leaves and fruit of okra were analyzed for cadmium, lead, zinc, iron and cobalt. The results showed that the growth of Abelmoschus esculentus was not significantly hindered by paint effluent contaminant. However, in comparison with plants grown in non contaminated soil, the concentration of lead (73.9 mg/kg) in Okra leaves was significantly high while the average concentration of zinc (59.2 mg/kg) in its roots was significantly high (P

Keywords

contaminated effluent content health

References

  1. Akinola, M.O. and Ekiyoyo, T.A. (2006). Accumulation of lead, cadmium and chromium in some plants cultivated along the bank of river Ribila at Odo-nla area of Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Biology 27:597-599.
  2. Alloway B.J. (1990a). Introduction. In: B. J. Alloway (Ed.), Heavy metals in soils, Blackie Academic and Professional.
  3. Anoliefo G.O., Isikhuemhen O.S. and Agbuna S.O. (2000). Small-scale industrial village in Benin City (Nigeria): establishment, failure and phytotoxicity assessment from soils from abandoned site. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 131:169-183.
  4. Black C.A. (1965). Methods of Soils Analysis. Agronomy No. 9 Part 2, Amer. Soc. Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin.
  5. Bouyoucos, G. H. (1951). A Recalibration of the Hydrometer for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soils. Agronomy Journal 43:434-438.
  6. Bowen, H. J. M. (1979). Environmental chemistry of the elements Academic Press, London.
  7. Bray R.H. and Kurtz L.T. (1945). Determination of total organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science. Soil Science 59:39-45.
  8. Casagrande, J. C., Alleoni, L.R.F., de Camargo, O.A. and Arnone, A.D. (2004). Effects of pH and ionic strength on zinc sorption by a variable charge soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35:2087-2095.
  9. Chikezie, I. A., Eswaran, H., Asawalam, D.O. and Ano A.O. (2009). Characterization of Two Benchmark soils of Contrasting Parent Material in Abia State, South Eastern Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science 16:23-29.
  10. Clemente, R., Escolar A. and Bernal, M.P. (2006). Heavy metals fractionation and organic matter mineralisation in contaminated calcareous soil amended with organic materials. Bioresource Technology 97:1894-1901.
  11. Dong, D.M., Liu, L., Hua, X.Y. and Lu, Y.Z. (2007). Comparison of lead, cadmium, copper and cobalt adsorption onto metal oxides and organic materials in natural surface coatings. Microchemical Journal 85:270-275.
  12. EFSA (2009). Scientific Opinion of the Panel on contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on cadmium in food. EFSA Journal 980:1-139.
  13. Graham, M.C. and Farmer, J.G. (2007). Chemistry of Freshwaters, In: R. M. Harrison (Ed.), Principles of Environmental Chemistry, RSC Publishing.
  14. Jackson, M.L. (1962). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall, New York.
  15. Kidd, P.S., Dominguez-Rodriguez, M. J. D., and Monterroso, C. (2007). Bioavailability and plant accumulation of heavy metals and phosphorus in agricultural soils amended by long-term application of sewage sludge. Chemosphere 66:1458-1467.
  16. Koranteng – Addo, E. J., Owusu – Ansah, E., Boamponsem, L.K., Bentum, J.K. and Arthur S. (2011). Levels of zinc, copper, iron and manganese in soils of abandoned mine pits around the Tarkwa gold mining area of Ghana. Advances in Applied Science Research 2:280-288.
  17. MacFarlane G.R. and Burchett M.D. (2002). Toxicity, growth and accumulation relationships of copper, lead and zinc in the grey mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Marine Environmental Research 54:65-84.
  18. Malakootian M., Nouri J. and Hossaini H. (2009) Removal of heavy metals from paint industry’s waste water using leca as an available adsorbant. International Journal of Environmental Science Technology 6:183-190.
  19. Mosequot, B., Vangronsveld, J., Clijsters, H., Mench, M. (1996). Copper toxicity in young maize (Zea mays L.) plants: effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents and enzyme activities. Plant and Soil 182:287-300.
  20. Novick, R. (1999). Overview and the health in Europe in the 1990s World health Organisation, Europe regional Office, Copenhagen.
  21. NRC. (2006). National Research Council: Lost Crops of Africa: Vol II: Vegetables. , Washington DC, National Academic Press, Washington DC. pp. 286-301.
  22. Nwachukwu, O.I. (2013). More than manures and mulches: Organic materials and the remediation of metal contaminated soil LapLambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrucken, Germany, 372p.
  23. Nwachukwu, O.I. and Pulford, I.D. (2008). Comparative effectiveness of selected adsorbant materials as potential amendments for the remediation of lead-, copper- and zinc-contaminated soil Soil Use and Management 24:199-207.
  24. Nwachukwu O.I. and Pulford I.D. (2009). Soil metal immobilization and ryegrass uptake of lead, copper and zinc as affected by application of organic materials as soil amendments in a short-term greenhouse trial. Soil Use and Management 25:159–167.
  25. Oluwatosin G.A., Jaiyeola O.M., Banjoko V.A., Aikore O.D. and Akinbola G.E. (2005) Heavy metals in an urban valley bottom soil in South-western Nigeria. Discovery and Innovation 17:85-93.
  26. Omar, A. and Al-Khashaman. (2004). Heavy metal distribution in dust, street dust and soils from the work place in Karak Industrial Estate. Atmospheric Pollution 38:6803– 6812.
  27. Ozer, A. (2007). Removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions by sulphuric acid-treated wheat bran. Journal of Hazardous Materials 141:753-761.
  28. Pichtel, J., Kuroiwa, K. and Sawyerr, H.T. (1999). Distribution of Pb, Cd and Ba in Soils and Plants of two contaminated sites. Environmental Pollution 110:171 – 178.
  29. Pulford, I.D. (2007). The Chemistry of the Solid Earth. In: R. M. Harrison (Ed.), Principles of Environmental Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry.
  30. Sharma, A. R.K., Agrawal, A. M. and Marshall F.M. (2008). Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) contamination of vegetables in urban India: A case study in Varanasi. Environmental Pollution 154:254-263.
  31. Steinberg, R.V. (2011) Contaminated soils. Environmental impact, disposal and treatment: environmental remediation Technologies, regulations and safety Nova Science Publishers.
  32. Tamburlini, G., Ehrenstein, D.V. and Bertollini, R. (2002) Children’s Health and Environment: A Review of Evidence, Environmental Issue report, WHO/European Environmental Agency, Geneva. pp. 223.
  33. USEPA. (2003) Ecological Soil Screening Level for Aluminum, Interim Final OSWER Directive 9285.7-60. pp. 34.
  34. Uzoho, B.U. and Oti, N.N. (2004) Phosphorus absorption characteristics of selected Southwestern Nigeria Soils, 29th Annual Conference of the Soil Science Society of Nigeria, Soil Science Society of Nigeria, Abeokuta, Nigeria. pp. 121-130.
  35. Vwioko, D.E. and Fashemi, D.S. (2005) Growth response of Ricinus communis L. (castor oil) in spent lubricating oil polluted soil. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management 9:73-79.
  36. Wang, Q.R., Cui, Y.S., Liu, X.M., Dong, Y.T. and Christie, P. (2003). Soil contamination and plant uptake of heavy metals at polluted sites in China. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part a-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 38:823-838.
  37. WHO (2002). World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risk, Promoting Healthy Life, World Health Organization, Geneva. pp. 13.
How to Cite

C.A, I., & I., N. O. (2016). Soil Health, Our Health: Effect of Paint Effluent Contaminated Soil on the Heavy Metal Content. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 26(2), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.67042/njss.2016.p2yxalit

I. C.A, and N. O. I., "Soil Health, Our Health: Effect of Paint Effluent Contaminated Soil on the Heavy Metal Content," Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 68-77, August 2016. doi: 10.67042/njss.2016.p2yxalit

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF Back to Articles